7分雅思写作 这些词汇不得不看

发布时间:2015年12月29日 来源:毕达留学
毕达留学是一家以“录名校、做口碑”为理念的留学咨询机构,专注本科、硕士和博士等各阶段的海外名校申请。毕达注重个性化和透明化的申请服务,致力于申请者学术和职业素养的提升,帮助申请者从本质上提升竞争力并获名校录取。众多超预期的名校录取,是毕达打造以口碑传播为核心的基础。正因如此,每年都有众多学生以照片和视频形式为毕达留学公开代言。查看更多
说起雅思写作,各位烤鸭们在考场上觉得最头疼的应该不是怎么想思路,而是当文思泉涌,正准备洋洋洒洒的时候,却发现平时积累的单词都用不上,所用的单词都是很“俗烂”的表达,更不用说写出流畅的句子了。而在四项评分标准中,关于lexical resource的评分,7分的标准多了两个要求:flexibility and precision 用官方的说法就是“less common lexical vocabulary” 那么何为“不普通的词汇”呢?下面毕达留学英语jammy老师专门为同学们整理了雅思大作文中常考话题的相关词汇,赶紧收藏备用吧!

Education


传授知识: impart(vt.)/inculcate(vt.) knowledge
灌输高尚的道德观: instill(vt.) high moral values (注意values复数表示价值观)
给学生以动力: give the students motivation to do sth.=Motivate the students to do sth.
给学生以灵感: stimulate the students’ thought=give the students inspiration
培养(某种素质): cultivate/foster/nurture(vts.)
促进学生身心的发展: promote the student’s physical/mental/ intellectual and emotional development
心理健康: psychological soundness/ well-being/welfare(adjs)
塑造某人的性格: mould (BrE,vt) one’s character
责任感: a sense of obligation
能力(先天获得) : aptitude/talent
能力(后天学习得到): ability/skill

学生接受的学校教育(n): schooling(n)
儿童接受的家庭教育(n): upbringing(n)/parenting(n)
教学法: methodology/pedagogical methodology
用填鸭式教学来教育学生: force-feed(vt.) the students
学生不应该只是被动的接受简单知识的容器:
Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas
死记硬背: learn things by rote=
为了记忆而记忆: memorise (BrE) for memorisation’s own sake
以及方程式,公式,定理,定律: memorise (vt.) equations,formulas, theorems and laws(nouns)
应用: apply
盲从: follow something blindly/indiscriminately(advs)
限制创造力的发展: extinguish(vt.)/stifle(vt.)/constrain(vt.) creativity(noun)
打击学生的积极性: dampen/sap(vts) the students’ enthusiasm/ frustrate the students
产生不必要的压力: beget/create undue pressure

把学生分开教育(如根据课堂上的表现): segregate(vt.) students
来自于其他同学的压力: peer pressure
适应(v): adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.
适应能力: adaptability
逆境: adverse circumstances/adversity
团队精神: team spirit(n)
独立思考: thing independently(adv)
在理解的基础上学习: learn things through understanding
鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题: encourage students to think critically(adv)
学生的反馈: students’ feedback/input
学生评价老师的教学: students appraise/evaluate(vts) their teachers’ performance
学生对老师所教知识的掌握: students’ grasp/command(n) of what has been taught

学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为: curriculum(n)
具体一门课叫: syllabus
课外活动叫: extra-curricular activities
学校是社会的缩影: a school is society in miniature
不遵守纪律(n): indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief(n)
不遵守纪律(daj)的学生: disruptive/unruly students

理论知识: theoretical knowledge
就业技能 : employable/marketable skills
通才: generalist
专才: specialist
全面发展的: well-rounded/versatile(adj)
为社会健康发展作贡献: contribute to societal(adj) well-being(n)/welfare(n)

大学学科的分类可以分为 人文学科(文学 ,历史 语言学等): humanities
社会学科(政治 经济学 社会学的): social sciences
艺术(音乐 雕塑等): arts
文科也可以总称为: liberal arts/ liberal studies
理科(物理 化学 生物学等): sciences
工科(工程 自动化等): engineering
大学里任何一个学科都有可以叫: discipline
基础科学: basic sciences
应用科学: applied sciences
小学教育: primary-level education
中学教育: secondary-level education
大学教育: tertiary-level education
职业教育: vocational education/training
青少年(复数): youths/youngsters/adolescents

Technology

生物技术: biotechnology
克隆: cloning (n) clone(v)
远程通讯: telecommunications(n)
尖端的技术: cutting-edge(adj) technology
信息爆炸: information explosion/overload
信息时代: the information age/era
互联网被广泛的应用: the proliferation(n) of the Internet
太空探索(n): space exploration
一个人的基因构成: one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming

科技创新与发展: technological innovations/inventions/advances/progression(n)
提高效率: augment/enhance/boost(vts) efficiency
提高生产效率: augment/enhance/boots productivity
减少人力的机器(计算机发明之前的技术): labor-saving machinery
取代人力的机器(计算机发明之后的技术): labor-replacing machinery
自动化: automation(n)/ automated(adj)

彻底变革: transform/revolutionise(vts)/ fundamentally change sth.
以一种史无前例的速度向前发展: advance/progress(vis) at an unprecedented(adj) rate
如果要说以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展: 只要把unprecedented改成astonishing
如果要说正以一种很快的速度向前发展: sth is advancing by leaps and bounds
产生深远的影响: create/produce/generate/breed/spawn(vts)/result in/lead to/ profound(adj)/far-reaching(adj)/pervasive(adj) influence/impact/bearing/implications/repercussions(n)

Media

侵犯隐私: violate/intrude on/infringe on someone’s privacy
破坏某人的名誉: tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch(vts) one’s reputation
狗仔队: paparazzi(复数名词 不再加s)
新闻界: the press
印刷媒体(如报纸 杂志): the print media
报道新闻的机构: news outlets
电子媒体: the electronic media
名人: a celebrity/celebrities(plu)
时事: current affairs
丑闻: scandals
无处不在: prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive(adj)

审查: censor (vt)
删除: delete/eliminate/excise(vts)
过多的暴力与色情内容: excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic (adjs) contents
报道非常详尽的细节: report sth. In graphic detail
媒体炒作(n): media hype
有误导性的: misleading/misrepresented /distorted(adjs)
诈骗性的: fraudulent(adj)
虚假的: false/bogus(adjs)
夸大事实: exaggerate(vt) things/sensationalise (vt) things/blow things out of all proportions(最后一个比较口语 用作文也可以)
充斥着: be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.
掩盖(丑闻或罪行等): cover up/gloss over/whitewash
不客观的,不公正的: biased/skewed/unobjective (adjs)

如实的报道: factual accounts(n)
可信的: reliable/trustworthy/dependable
客观公正的: objective and balanced(adjs)
及时的: up-to-the-minute(adj)/up-to-date(adj) 前者比后者更加及时
信息量大的: informative
娱乐性强的: entertaining(adj)
有新闻价值的: newsworthy(adj)
监督: scrutiny(n)/scrutinize(vt)/monitor(vt)
揭露: expose/reveal(vts)
道德准则(n): code of ethics/code of conduct

Government

当局: authorities(n)
老百姓: citizens/the citizenry
规范,管理: regulate/administer
实施: implement(vt)
立法: legislate(vi)/make laws
民主与开放的政府: a democratic and progressive government
严禁(v): strictly prohibit/ban altogether
严格的法律: stringent laws/legislation
规章制度: rules and regulations

为….拨款: allocate money to sth./subsidise (vt)/be a patron of/invest in/finance(vt)/fund(vt)/dedicate money to sth.
预算: budget
税收: tax revenue(n)
政府在某方面的开支(n): government spending/expenditure on sth.
削减(v): curtail(vt)
增加: augment(vt)
当务之急(n): priority
把。。。当成当务之急: give priority to sth.
责任(n): responsibility/obligation
人道主义救援: humanitarian(adj) aid (n)
管理: administer/regulate

军备竞赛: arms race(n)
自卫: self-defence (BrE,n)
国土安全: expansion/aggression(n)
谋求霸权: seek/pursue(vts) hegemony(n)
恶性循环: a vicious circle(n)
地区不稳定因素: destablising factors
太空竞赛: space race(n)
武器: weapons/arms/armaments(n)
下岗工人: laid-off workers/downsized workers
失业(n): unemployment/joblessness

基础设施: infrastructure 比如
公共交通系统: public transport system(BrE)
电网: power grid
石油和天然气管道: pinelines
给排水系统: water supply and drainage system

Language & Culture

一种可以通用的语言: a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language
英语被广泛使用: the proliferation(n) of English
英语的统治地位: the dominant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English
方言: dialect(n)/vernacular/the indigenous language
小语种将会消亡: lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete(adjs)
小语种的消亡(n): the extinct/demise of lesser-known languages

文化遗产包括有形和无形的两种 有形的如历史遗址,无形的如风俗习惯 仪式 传统道德观念等: cultural heritage can be divided into two groups:
tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites
and intangible cultural heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.
保护: preserve (vt)
祖先: forefathers/ancestors
后代: descendants/posterity后面一个是不可数名词

少数民族:ethnic minorities
民族团结:the harmony(n) between ethnic groups/races
文化融合:cultural integration and synthesis(n)
互相影响:interaction
文化多元性:cultural diversity
丰富(v): enrich(vt)
狭隘的观念:insular/provincial/parochial(adjs)/parochial(adjs) mentality
贬低(v):deprecate/denigrate/minimize(vts) the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit(vts)
。。。不是一成不变的:sth. is not set/carved in stone

Development

生活节奏加速:the tempo/pace of life has accelerated
疲劳:fatigue(n)
抑郁症:depression
失眠:sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia(n)
导致人与人之间疏远:create(vt)alienation(n) between people
过于功利的:materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping(adjs)
追求最大限度利润:pursue(vt) maximum profit
交通堵塞:traffic jams/traffic congestions /gridlock最后一个是不可数名词
阻碍(v):impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)
让人担心的: worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting(adjs)
危害,破坏(v):undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth/ruin/imperil/endanger/jeopardise(BrE) 都是vts
危害,破坏(n):harm/damage/destruction/devastation
恶化(v):worsen(vi,vt)/deteriorate(vi)
导致某种问题更加恶化:amplify(vt)/magnify(vt)/ecacerbate(vt)/aggravate(vt) a problem
缓解: ease/alleviate/mitigate(vts)

有特殊审美价值的老房子: old building of special aesthetic value(注意审美观的说法是aesthetic values复数)
有特殊历史意义的老房子:building of historic significance
居民:vernacular dwellings
让城市更美观:beautify(vt) the cities/better(vt) the cityscape
破旧的(房子):decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated(adjs)
拆除:tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building
高楼:high-rise buildings
摩天楼:skyscrapers
城市化:urbanization(n)
城乡差距:the disparity(n) between the city and the countryside
城市的:urban
乡村的:rural
搬迁:relocate(vi,vt)

在家上班(v):telecommute(vi)
休闲:leisure/recreation(n0
精神上的享受(n):amusement and enjoyment(n)
娱乐:entertainment/diversion
宽松的管理(n):laissez-faire management(n)
运营成本(n):operating costs/overhead cost
雇用(v):recruit (vt)
会导致效率降低的(adj):counterproductive
劳动力资源: labour (BrE) pool

人口爆炸: population explosion(n)/population boom
控制人口:birth control/family planning
贫穷的:needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitute/indigent
富裕的:affluent/wealthy/well-off
爱慕虚荣的:pretentious/ostentatious(adjs)
缺少运动的生活方式 :sedentary(adj) lifestyle
扶贫: poverty alleviation(n)

Globalization

(国家或者地区的)文化特性: (national or regional) cultural identity
全球文化同一化过程(n,即地区文化特征消失): global cultural homogenization(n)
文化同一性(或叫文化均质性): cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity
全球化是一把双刃剑: Globalisation is a two-edged sword
地球村: the global village
席卷一切的潮流: sweeping trends
有机结合东西方文化: synthesize the Asian and Western culture
侵蚀: erode(v)
普遍的: universal(adj)

Women & Families


两性平等: gender equality
性别歧视:sexism/gender discrimination
一个开明的社会:a progressive/enlightened society

被家务事拖累:be tied down by household chores
生育孩子:child bearing(n)
抚养孩子:child rearing(n)
母性的本能:maternal instinct
家务:housework/household chores
抚养子女的方式:parenting
代沟:generation gap/disparity
性格冲突:personality clashes

老年人:elderly people/senior citizens
青少年:adolescents/youngsters
家庭成员间的情感纽带:family bonds/family ties
归属感:a sense of belonging
对。。。依恋(n):an attachment to sth/an affinity for sth
贫穷的家庭:deprived family
富裕的家庭:affluent families
家庭的培养:upbringing

虐待:mistreat/abuse(vts)
家庭暴力:domestic violence
毒品上瘾(n):addiction to drugs/ be addicted(adjs) to drugs
单亲家庭:single-parent households
濒于破裂或已经破裂的家庭:broken families/dysfunctional households
挽救:salvage(vt)

Tourism

旅游景点:tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest
开阔眼界:push back/expand one’s vision/horizons
游客与当地人的互动:tourists can interact with the locals
促进文化交流:promote cultural communication
吸引:draw/attract/appeal to (vts)/be a magnet for somebody
亲身体验(n):first-hand experience
多种感官体验的(如听觉,触觉等):multi-sensory(adj)
相互了解:mutual understanding

把游客和当地人隔离:seclude/isolate(vts) the tourist from the locals
商业化:commercialise/commodity(vts)
欺骗游客的手段:tourist traps
冲突:conflict(n,vi+with)
争端(n):discord/dissension
间接体验(如通过电视或互联网n):second-hand experience/ vicarious experience
文化遗产:cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时:the Internet will not render tourism obsolete

Environment


生态系统 :ecosystem/ecological system
某一地区所有植物的总称:the flora(n)
某一地区所有动物的总称:the fauna(n)
某一地区所有生物的总称:the wildlife in a region/the biota (flora+fauna) of a region
生物多样性:biodiversity(n)
生态平衡:ecological balance/ecological equilibrium(n)

可持续发展:sustainable development
环保主义者:environmentalist/conservationists
对环境无害的:environmentally-friendly(adj)
节约使用:conserve(vt)
保护:preserve
再利用:reuse/recycle

肥沃的土壤:fertile soil
贫瘠的土壤:infertile soil
耕地(n):arable land/farmland
增加农产品产量:boost crop yield
开采自然资源:exploit natural resources

短缺(n):shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack
消耗(某种资源):consume/deplete(vts)
用尽(某种资源):use up/exhaust(vts)
给资源造成很大压力:put a strain on the already stretched resources
破坏自然资源:wreak(vt) havoc(n) on natural resources
臭氧层:ozone layer
砍伐森林:deforestation(n)
污染:pollute/contaminate(vts)
有毒的:poisonous/toxic(adjs)
污水:effluent/sewage
排放:discharge
温室效应:greenhouse effect/global warming
严重的:severe/grave/grievous(adjs)
白色污染产生的垃圾: non-biodegradable garbage/wastes that cannot decompose or breakdown/inorganic trash
恶化:deteriorate/aggravate前者为自身恶化,后者为被恶化

可再生资源 :renewable resources
不可再生资源:non-renewable resources(包括金属metals,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,天然气natural gas,煤coal,等后三种可总称为fossil fuels)

各国必须携手解决环境问题:countries on this planet must join forces/makes a concerted effort/unite(vi) to combat/tackle/resolve/address(vts) environmental problems
谴责而不是纵容:condemn rather than condone(vts) sth
严厉的措施:harsh action/measures
增强公众关于。。。的意识:raise/elevate the public awareness of sth

Crime


触犯法律:break/violate/flout/disobey the law
犯罪:commit a crime
罪行: offences(BrE)/crimes/criminal acts
罪犯:criminal/offender/culprit. perpetrator
从犯:accomplice/accessory(n)/convicts(n)后者指帮助犯罪但未直接参与的人
受害者:victim(n)
心理创伤:trauma(n)
曾横社会:resent society/hold a grudge against society
囚犯:inmate/convicts(n)
牢房:cell
监禁(v):imprison/incarcerate(vts) someone
教育罪犯:educate/edify(vts) criminals
宽容的:lenient(adj)
改造罪犯:reform/rehabilitate criminals
执法部门:law enforcement agencies
重罪:heinous crimes/flagitious crime/felony(n)
轻罪:petty crime/misdemeanor (BrE)
初犯的人 :first-time offender
惯犯:hardened criminals/repeat criminals
遏制猖獗的犯罪:curb/halt/check(vts) the rampant(adj) crimes
再次犯罪(v):revert(vi) to crime
再次犯罪(n) :recidivism
守法的公民:law-abiding citizens
遵守法律:abide by/comply with the law
无视…(v):disregard
给某人造成心理创伤:traumatize (vt) someone
抓捕:track down/hunt down/capture (vt)
有预谋的犯罪:premeditated crime
犯罪倾向(n):criminal tendency

Animal


动物实验:animal experiments
被绳之以法:be brought to justice
动物权益保护主义:animal rights activists
医学研究:medical research
残忍的:cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs)
活体揭破 :vivisection
麻醉 :anesthetic (BrE,n)
减轻动物的痛苦:alleviate/ease(vts) animals’ pain
宠物是主人的伙伴:pets are companions of their masters
给主人心理安慰:afford their masters consolation and comfort(n)
偷猎:poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n)
某一种事物是没有替代物的:there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives(单数去s) for sth
认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n) :anthropomorphism
濒危动物:endangered species
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