托福考试是申请美国留学的考生都要参加的考试。以下是考生分享的2013年1月12日首场托福阅读考试机经回忆的内容，即将参加托福考试的考生们可以借鉴参考一下试题，为下一次的新托福考试做好充足准备。希望对大家的美国留学托福阅读考试有所帮助。

考试时间：2013年1月12日

英国农业的发展

【机经回忆】

这篇阅读讲英国农业如何在欧洲其他各国的农业**之前独自发展至小康水平。。。 英格兰的农业比欧洲其他国家发展的都早都好，其他国家在大战或者有瘟疫的时候英格兰都没受太大影响。还说英格兰农场主发现农业获利很大后，就采取了高产的 农产品，新技术，把原来tenure的农民都化成了签约式的，而且签约前要交钱否则就用别人(此处有题，大概是说四个选项里哪个没有在文中提到)。还说到 由于农场主采用了嫡长子继承制，所以没有土地仍然很集中。还举例如提高房租，改善耕种方式，还有开始做羊毛，并且出口至欧洲各国甚至美国。

【重点词汇解析】

agriculture 农业

European 欧洲的

England 英格兰

development发展

plague 瘟疫

farm 农场

benefit 利益

new technology 新技术

tenure 终身职位;任期;保有

farmer 农场主

the lineal primogeniture [,pra?mo'd??n?t??] system 嫡长子继承制

raise the rent 提高房租

improve the cultivation 提高耕种方式

wool 羊毛 export 出口

【机经解析】

英国农业采用新技术：New agricultural equipment

like cultivators, plows, threshers, mowers, combines, balers, etc. were invented and powered by oxen, horses, steam power, then gasoline or diesel as the farm machinery became mechanized and allowed the farmers to become ever more productive.

英国土地继承制度——嫡长子继承制

In England, primogeniture was mandatory for inheritance of land. Until the Statute of Wills was passed in 1540, a will could control only the inheritance of personal property. Real estate (land) passed to the eldest male descendant by operation of law. The statute added a provision that a landowner could "devise" land by the use of a new device called a "testament". The rule of primogeniture in England was not changed until the Administration of Estates Act in 1925.

Britain. The British property inherit system, emphasizing his absolute inheritance, which China and the lineal primogeniture system still has great distinction. The UK is the eldest son of the absolute primogeniture inheritance, son and daughter without property right of inheritance, they can only choose to join the army or to the monastery, so seventeenth Century England appeared a strange phenomenon: 1, join the army increased greatly. In 2, the monastery was the development of the cause of. 3, late marriage, even lifelong marriage.

primogeniture, in law, the rule of inheritance whereby landdescends to the oldest son. Under the feudal system of medievalEurope, primogeniture generally governed the inheritance of landheld in military tenure. The effect of this rule was tokeep the father's land for the support of the son who rendered therequired military service. When feudalism declined and thepayment of a tax was substituted for military service, the need forprimogeniture disappeared. In England, consequently, there wasenacted the Statute of Wills (1540), which permitted the oldestson to be entirely cut off from inheriting, and in the 17th cent.military tenure was abolished; primogeniture is, nevertheless, still customary in England.

以上就是2013年1月12日首场托福阅读考试机经回忆的全部内容，各位考生可以以此作为参考，做好复习。最后预祝各位考生取得理想的成绩!

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