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SAT2生物考试中常用词汇总结(G开头)
来源:毕达教育 发布时间:2012-02-20 11:55:18
下面为大家整理的是以字母G开头的SAT2生物考试中常用词汇。掌握一定的生物词汇是备考SAT2的首要前提。所以,各位考生一定要多加重视词汇的积累,预祝各位考生考试成功。
Gallbladder(胆囊)
An organ that stores the bile produced by the liver and releases it to the small intestine during digestion.
Gamete(配子)
A haploid sex cell (either an egg or sperm cell); male and female gametes join during fertilization to create
a diploid zygote. Gametes are created out of germ cells and are passed down to offspring.
Gametophyte(配子体)
A haploid plant or plant structure that produces haploid gametes through mitosis.
Ganglion(神经节)
A simple cluster of nerve cells that acts as a coordinating center. In more sophisticated organisms,
ganglia evolved into a brain and spinal cord.
Gene(基因)
The fundamental unit of heredity, composed of a stretch of DNA. In general, a single gene encodes
the information needed to produce one kind of protein. Each gene resides in a specific spot on a
chromosome.
gene flow(基因流):基因从一个群体流向另一个群体
The movement of genes, within a population or between populations, through mating.
genetic code(遗传密码)
The series of codons that make up an organism’s DNA.
Genotype(基因型)
The entire set of specific alleles present in an organism or cell: the genetic information that
(together with the environment) defines the phenotype. Often refers only to the alleles controlling
a particular trait of interest.
germ cell(生殖细胞)
Cells that lead to the production of gametes. Produced by meiosis.
Glucose(葡萄糖)
A monosaccharide with the chemical formula C6H12O6. Used as the raw material for cellular
respiration.
Glycolysis(糖酵解)
The first step of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis produces ATP while converting
glucose to pyruvate, which is the raw material for the rest of aerobic respiration.
Golgi apparatus(高尔基体)
A series of membrane-bound sacs in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus takes proteins
produced by the endoplasmic reticulum and packages and secretes them to various destinations
inside and outside of the cell.
Gonads(生殖腺)
Sex organs that produce gametes. The gonads also release sex hormones, such as testosterone,
estrogen, and progesterone. In humans, the male gonads are the testes; in females, the ovaries.
Grafting(嫁接)
An artificial form of vegetative propagation in which parts of two young plants are joined together,
first by artificial means and then by tissue regeneration.
guard cells(保卫细胞)
Epidermal plant cells found in pairs surrounding the stomata of leaves. By increasing or decreasing
their size, guard cells regulate gas exchange by opening and closing individual stoma.
Gymnosperm(裸子植物)
A vascular nonflowering plant (commonly known as a conifer) in which seeds are “naked”—collected in a cone and not protected by an ovary. The dispersion of their spermatozoids often
relies on wind.
以上就是关于SAT2生物考试常用词汇的全面内容,是以G开头的。各位考生可以作为备考时的参考资料,希望对各位考生的SAT2考试有所帮助。
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