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SAT2物理考试中常用词汇总结(A开头)
来源:毕达教育 发布时间:2012-01-12 10:34:50
下面为大家整理的是以字母A开头的SAT2物理考试中常用词汇。掌握一定的物理词汇是备考SAT2的首要前提。所以,各位考生一定要多加重视词汇的积累,预祝各位考生考试成功。
Absolute zero
The lowest theoretical temperature a material can have, where the molecules that make up the material
have no kinetic energy. Absolute zero is reached at 0 K or –273º C.
Acceleration
A vector quantity defined as the rate of change of the velocity vector with time.
Activity
In radioactive substances, the number of nuclei that decay per second. Activity, A, will be larger in large
samples of radioactive material, since there will be more nuclei.
Alpha decay
A form of radioactive decay where a heavy element emits an alpha particle and some energy, thus
transforming into a lighter, more stable, element.
Alpha particle
A particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. It is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom
and is ejected by heavy particles undergoing alpha decay.
Amplitude
In reference to oscillation, amplitude is the maximum displacement of the oscillator from its equilibrium
position. Amplitude tells how far an oscillator is swinging back and forth. In periodic motion, amplitude is
the maximum displacement in each cycle of a system in periodic motion. The precise definition of amplitude
depends on the particular situation: in the case of a stretched string it would be measured in meters, whereas
for sound waves it would be measured in units of pressure.
Angle of incidence
When a light ray strikes a surface, the angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal.
Angle of reflection
The angle between a reflected ray and the normal.
Angle of refraction
The angle between a refracted ray and the line normal to the surface.
Angular acceleration
A vector quantity, , equal to the rate of change of the angular velocity vector with time. It is typically given in
units of rad/s2.
Angular displacement
The net change, in a point’s angular position. It is a scalar quantity.
Angular frequency
A frequency, f, defined as the number of revolutions a rigid body makes in a given time interval. It is a scalar
quantity commonly denoted in units of Hertz (Hz) or s–1.
Angular momentum
A vector quantity, L, that is the rotational analogue of linear momentum. For a single particle, the angular
momentum is the cross product of the particle’s displacement from the axis of rotation and the particle’s
linear momentum, . For a rigid body, the angular momentum is a product of the object’s moment of inertia,
I, and its angular velocity, .
Angular period
The time, T, required for a rigid body to complete one revolution.
Angular position
The position of an object according to a co-ordinate system measured in s of the angle of the object from a certain origin axis. Conventionally, this origin
axis is the positive x-axis.
Angular velocity
A vector quantity, , that reflects the change of angular displacement with time, and is typically given in units
of rad/s. To find the direction of the angular velocity vector, take your right hand and curl your fingers along
the particle or body’s direction of rotation. Your thumb then points in the direction of the body’s angular velocity.
Antinode
The points midway between nodes on a standing wave, where the oscillations are largest.
Atom
The building blocks of all matter, atoms are made up of a nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons, and a
number of electrons that orbit the nucleus. An electrically neutral atom has as many protons as it has electrons.
Atomic number
A number, Z, associated with the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Every element can be defined
in s of its atomic number, since every atom of a given element has the same number of protons.
Axis of rotation
The line that every particle in the rotating rigid body circles about.
以上就是关于SAT2物理考试常用词汇的全面内容,是以A开头的。各位考生可以作为备考时的参考资料,希望对各位考生的SAT2考试有所帮助。
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